Jharkhand ki Rajdhani: Ranchi is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. The capital city was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which demanded a separate state for the tribal areas of south Bihar, northern Odisha, western West Bengal and the eastern region of present-day Chhattisgarh. Jharkhand was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas. It has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi’s flagship Smart Cities Mission.
During the British Raj, the city was the summer capital of Bihar, as it had a cold climate during the winter. It is also one of the oldest cities in Jharkhand. Jagannath Temple and Ratu Palace are some of the places of interest that bear witness to the history of Ranchi.
It is rapidly developing its economy, and some parks, special economic zones and industrial zones are being developed. Recently, new and modern areas have been created for the city’s development. The capital city is also known as the ‘City of Waterfalls’.
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In Hindi:
रांची भारत के झारखंड राज्य की राजधानी है। राजधानी शहर झारखंड आंदोलन का केंद्र था, जिसने दक्षिण बिहार, उत्तरी ओडिशा, पश्चिमी पश्चिम बंगाल और वर्तमान छत्तीसगढ़ के पूर्वी क्षेत्र के आदिवासी क्षेत्रों के लिए एक अलग राज्य की मांग की। झारखंड का गठन 15 नवंबर 2000 को छोटा नागपुर और संथाल परगना के बिहार डिवीजनों को तराश कर किया गया था। इसे पीएम नरेंद्र मोदी के प्रमुख स्मार्ट सिटीज मिशन के तहत स्मार्ट सिटी के रूप में विकसित होने वाले सौ भारतीय शहरों में से एक के रूप में चुना गया है।
ब्रिटिश राज के दौरान, यह शहर बिहार की ग्रीष्मकालीन राजधानी था, क्योंकि यहां सर्दियों के दौरान ठंडी जलवायु होती थी। यह झारखंड के सबसे पुराने शहरों में से एक है। जगन्नाथ मंदिर और रातू पैलेस कुछ ऐसे दर्शनीय स्थल हैं जो रांची के इतिहास के साक्षी हैं।
यह अपनी अर्थव्यवस्था का तेजी से विकास कर रहा है, और कुछ पार्क, विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र और औद्योगिक क्षेत्र विकसित किए जा रहे हैं। हाल ही में, शहर के विकास के लिए नए और आधुनिक क्षेत्र बनाए गए हैं। राजधानी शहर को ‘झरनों के शहर’ के रूप में भी जाना जाता है।
History: Jharkhand ki Rajdhani
The earliest evidence of using many iron slags, pot sheds, and iron tools was found in the Chota Nagpur region around 1400 BC. The Magadha Empire exercised indirect control over the region, which lasted until the reign of Ashoka. Samudragupta’s armies passed through this region on their campaign to the Deccan. In the 4th century CE, the Nagvanshi king Raja Pratap Rai chose Chutia as his capital at Ranchi. Some of the ruins of Chutia date back to the 2nd century AD. With the expansion of the Mughal Empire, the sovereign status of the Nagvanshi dynasty was technically affected, but they continued to rule and administer independently. Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo made Satranji the capital of the Barkagarh estate near the river Subarnarekha. He got the Jagannath temple built in 1691.
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Geography
Ranchi is located near the Tropic of Cancer at 23°22′N 85°20′E. The city covers an area of 175 km (68 sq mi) and has an average elevation of 651 m above sea level. Ranchi is located in the southern part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, the eastern part of the Deccan Plateau.
Ranchi has a hilly topography and a combination of its dense tropical forests produces a relatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. However, uncontrolled deforestation and city development have led to an increase in average temperatures.
Climate
Although Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwa), its location and its surrounding forests combine to produce the delightful climate for which it is known. The summer temperature ranges from 20 to 42 °C, and the winter temperature from 0 to 25 °C. December and January are the coldest months, with temperatures dropping to freezing point in some areas (Kanke). The annual rainfall is about 1430 mm (56.34 in). Rainfall from June to September is about 1,100 mm.
हालांकि रांची में एक आर्द्र उपोष्णकटिबंधीय जलवायु (कोप्पेन जलवायु वर्गीकरण: सीडब्ल्यूए) है, इसके स्थान और इसके आसपास के जंगल एक सुखद जलवायु का उत्पादन करने के लिए गठबंधन करते हैं जिसके लिए इसे जाना जाता है। गर्मियों का तापमान 20 से 42 डिग्री सेल्सियस और सर्दियों का तापमान 0 से 25 डिग्री सेल्सियस के बीच रहता है। दिसंबर और जनवरी सबसे ठंडे महीने होते हैं, कुछ क्षेत्रों (कांके) में तापमान हिमांक बिंदु तक गिर जाता है। वार्षिक वर्षा लगभग 1430 मिमी (56.34 इंच) है। जून से सितंबर तक वर्षा लगभग 1,100 मिमी है।
Some Attraction of Jharkhand ki Rajdhani
Gonda Hills and Rock Garden
About 4 km from Ranchi city centre, Kanke Road is home to the beautiful Gonda Hills and Rock Garden. The garden is constructed in the same style as the famous Rock Garden and is designed from the rock of Gonda Hill. At the foot of the hill is a huge lake known as Kanke Dam, which is a worthwhile retreat. Tourists from all over the world come to see Ranchi’s Gonda Hill and Rock Garden.
Angrabari (Amreshwar Dham)
Angrabari is the temple of Lord Shiva, Rama and Sita, Hanuman and Ganesh. It is located near Khunti at a distance of about 40 km from Ranchi. Shankaracharya Swami Swaroopananda Saraswati, fascinated by the calm, serene and divine beauty of Angrabadi, re-named it Amareshwar Dham.
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Sun Temple
The Surya Mandir or Surya Mandir in Ranchi is an elegantly designed modern temple. It is in the shape of a giant chariot with eighteen wheels and seven living horses that seem ready to take off in the sky. The Sun Temple is located near Bundu on the Ranchi-Tata road, about 39 km from Ranchi. The temple offers a serene and peaceful environment with a pond on its premises. The pond is sacred to Chhathvaratis (devotees participating in Chhath Puja) who believe that taking a dip in the pond will absolve them of their sins.
Hundru Falls
Hundru Falls is located on the Ranchi Purulia Highway, about 45 kilometres from the city of Ranchi. Watching the river Swarnarekha make a spectacular jump from a height of 320 feet gives you instant relief. No matter how sweet the spirit of the water at the bottom of the waterfall, gathers in a foamy pool where visitors can rejuvenate. The place is also popular as the most acclaimed trekking destination in the state. The outbreak of the Hundru is at its peak in the monsoon, when its waters, unbridled and immaculate, hit the rocks. Although in summer it proves to be a cool recluse for picnic lovers.
Tagore Hill
True to its name, the idyllic hill, rising to a height of 300 feet, continues to preserve the legacy of Nobel laureate, Rabindranath Tagore. It is located within Ranchi city at Morhabadi at a distance of 7 km from the railway station and 10 km from the airport. Kaviguru’s elder brother, Jyotindranath Tagore visited this place in 1908. He was so fascinated by the picturesque beauty of Morhabadi hill and its surroundings that he set up his camp home on the mountain. Watching sunrise and sunset is one of the tourist attractions. It is being converted into an art museum, which can be reached through a flight of easy steps.
Jagannath Temple
The seventeenth-century temple dedicated to Lord Jagannath situates on a small hillock in Jagannathpur. Situated near Dhurwa, HEC, southwest of the capital city, it is 11 km from the railway station and 6 km from the airport. This 100 feet high temple built by Thakur Aninath Shahdev in 1691 AD. The architectural style of the temple is reminiscent of its counterpart in Puri. It attracts lakhs of devotees every year, especially on the occasion of Kar Utsav or Rath Yatra, in the month of June/July.
Demography of Ranchi: Jharkhand ki Rajdhani
| Description | Figure |
| Actual Population | 29,14,253 |
| Male | 14,94,937 |
| Female | 14,19,316 |
| Population Growth | 23.98% |
| Area Sq. Km | 5,097 |
| Density / Km2 | 572 |
| Proportion to Jharkhand Population | 8.83% |
| Sex Ratio (Per 1000) | 949 |
| Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) | 938 |
| Average Literacy | 76.06 |
| Male Literacy | 84.2 |
| Female Literacy | 67.44 |
| Total Child Population (0-6 Age) | 4,01,214 |
| Male Population (0-6 Age) | 2,07,029 |
| Female Population (0-6 Age) | 1,94,185 |
| Literates | 19,11,433 |
| Male Literates | 10,85,244 |
| Females Literates | 8,26,189 |
| Child Proportion (0-6 Age) | 13.77% |
| Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) | 13.85% |
| Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) | 3.6% |
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FAQs on Jharkhand ki Rajdhani
Why is Ranchi called the City of Waterfalls?
The word “Ranchi” comes from the name of the local bird “Rinchi”. It has several waterfalls, lakes and hills located near the city which add to the beauty and is known as the “City of Waterfalls and Lakes”. And it is situated on the banks of the Subarnarekha river.
Is Ranchi a hill station?
Ranchi is a famous hill station and the capital of Jharkhand. It is popularly known as the ‘Manchester of the East. And this place is mainly famous for the beauty of its waterfalls but Ranchi Hill also offers a very beautiful view.
Is Ranchi a good city?
Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand, is the 46th largest urban city in India. It has a population of about 1,073,427 people (and counting), with a literacy rate of 87.68%. Ranchi well connects by railways, road and air. It also has its own airport and railway station.
What is the famous food of Ranchi?
Litti is a very famous food item in the state and is love by the local people. It is eaten with curd, brinjal ka Bharta (Chokha), potato Bharta or papad.
Is Ranchi hot or cold?
Ranchi has a subtropical humid climate. The main seasons are summer, monsoon and winter. The summer season lasts from mid-March to mid-June and the temperature ranges from 30 degrees centigrade to 45-degree centigrade. April and May are the hottest months.
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